Seed Morpho-Anatomy and Germination Enhancement of the Australian Native Species Lomandra longifolia Labill. and L. hystrix (R.Br.) L.R. Fraser & Vickery

Lomandra species are an important understory component of many Australian native ecosystems, contributing to the floristic richness and stabilizing soils. However, a limited understanding their germination biology currently hinders efficient use in seed-based restoration ornamental plant production. The present study investigated longifolia L. hystrix diaspore morpho-anatomy evaluated different mechanical and/or chemical treatments (nicking, leaching, smoke water gibberellic acid [GA3]) under light or dark conditions enhance germination. Embryos both were small linear with low embryo seed ratio (<0.45). Germination rates significantly hastened by leaching seeds running for 36 h as compared non-leached seed. results suggest that pre-treating could maximize effectiveness used resulting faster, more uniform and, therefore, reliable these species. Finally, had final (<40%), high presence viable but dormant seeds. ecological cues promote nature should be further examined.